INTRODUCTION:

From the beginning, human SARS-CoV emerged in 2013 related to the corona viruses, in horseshoe bats (genus hinolophus). These discoveries suggested that bats may be the natural hosts for SARS-CoV and that civets were only intermediate hosts. In the following years a number of SARS-CoV-related corona viruses were identified in bats from various provinces in China as well as from Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. Several researchers have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is identical to SARS-CoV in 80 percent. Both variables thus appear to suggest that bat is the main route of human transmission of the virus, figure (1) [1-4].

Does the bat still represent the origins of COVID-19? This question needs to be remembered again and again. The Nature Journal presents a recent report in which many scholars from all over the world participate. The scientists studied the genetic code of the virus protein in the following way. The infection was caused by natural selection and not by genetic engineering. As the data showed the molecular structure of the SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that found in bats and anteaters. This conclusion puts us in two possibilities: The first is that the virus was transmitted to a non-human host through natural selection and then from it to humans. And the second scenario is the transmission of a non-pathogenic version of an animal host to a human, and this copy evolved in his body to become the virus deadly [5-7].

Fig. 1: Transmission routs of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 through bats and anteaters to humans. The viruses can easily Attached to the ACE2 receptor on the airway cell in the human lung.

Andrew Rimbaud, a professor of molecular evolution at the University of Edinburgh, said that at late stage, it is impossible to know which of the two scenarios is correct. But it is certain that it is not a genetic manipulation. Corona virus developed into three types: One of the forms of the virus is not present in China and it spreads only in European countries such as Italy, France, Spain and England. It is called Type C, which is the most developed and time consuming. According to researchers from the University of Cambridge, 3 main strains of the emerging corona virus A, B and C have been detected. The study revealed that the type A appeared for the first time among the Chinese in Wuhan city. This type is spread widely now in America and Australia. Strain B evolved from the original strain A. This species remained within the borders of East Asia and did not spread to other continents. Strain C was called the son of the B strain. C strain is the most sophisticated and fierce that was transmitted by the Europeans who were in China and returned to their countries, or the Chinese who traveled to Europe. This study also indicated that the type A is closely related to the virus found in both bats and anteater, which is the origin of the virus's source. It is also likely that bats are the reservoir of the virus [8-10].

Another extensive study on bats, in which scientists tested samples and excrement of more than 400 bats, representing 11 species from three different regions in Myanmar, East Asia, which live near human complexes. Researchers from the Smithsonian Institution and the Biological Institute for Environmental Protection detected seven strains of corona viruses from 48 samples. Six of these viruses were not known before. The question now is: can these viral strains be passed on to people? The research reveals that bat drops can be a significant influence in human transmission. Is their solution to stay away from us? The expansion of human activity and the expansion of land use bring people closer to bats, which causes the emergence of viruses of animal origin such as COVID-19, SARS-CoV, and others. Before viruses spread, such studies have to continue preventing epidemics [11-13].

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are grateful to the College of Medicine, University of Mosul.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Received on 21.11.2020 Modified on 11.12.2020

Research J. Science and Tech. 2021; 13(1):31-32.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2988.2021.00005.X